Knitting (tricotar)

Knitting can be described as a manual process of making garments by hand with one or more appropriate needles for this purpose. It includes wool yarn, cotton and linen. Before industrialization extended to all countries it was very common as a second occupation in the homes of disadvantaged families during the day or during the long winter evenings.

Tricotar pode ser um processo manual de fabricar peças de vestuário à mão com uma ou mais agulhas apropriadas para o efeito. Processa-se com fios de lã, algodão e linho. Antes da industrialização se estender a todos os países era muito frequente como segunda ocupação nas casas das famílias menos favorecidas, durante o dia ou nos longos serões de inverno.

Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)-'three women knitting by the sea'-oil on canvas   Private collection

Charles-Émile-Hippolyte Lecomte-Vernet (1821-1900)-'woman knitting'-oil on canvas-1870

William Dyce (1806-1864)-'Welsh landscape with two women knitting'-oil on canvas-1860   Cardiff-National Museum Wales

Eugen de Blaas (1843-1932)-'the knitting lesson'-oil on cradled panel

Johann Georg Meyer von Bremen (1813-1886)-'girl knitting by a window- oil on canvas-1864

Poverty by Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)

Poverty can be seen in different ways according to the type of lack of economic and social resources (food, health, clothing, housing and others).

A pobreza pode ser observada de diversas formas de acordo com o tipo de carências de recursos económicos e sociais (alimentação, saúde, vestuário, alojamento e outros).

Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)-' a interior of a hut'-oil on canvas   Paris-Musée d'Orsay

Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)-'peasant woman by a hearth'-oil on canvas   Private collection  

Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)-'a frugal meal'-oil on canvas   Private collection  

Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)-'maternity'-watercolor on paper   Private collection  

Jozef Israëls (1824-1911)-'when one gets old'-oil on canvas   Private collection  

Piazza Navona in Rome

The construction on the Piazza began in the 15th century in the northern Campus Martius on the spot where once stood the stadium Domitianus or Circus Agonalis (competition arena). It features important creations like the Church of Sant' Agnese, the Fountain of the Moor and the Fountain of the four Rivers (Danube, Ganges, Nile, La Plata) of Gian Lorenzo Bernini with the obelisk of Domitian.

A construção da praça iniciou-se pelo séc. XV na zona norte do Campus Martius no local onde existiu o Stadium Domitianus ou Circus Agonalis (arena de jogos). Nela distinguem-se a Igreja de Santa Inês, a Fonte do Mouro e a Fonte dos Quatro Rios (Danúbio, Ganges, Nilo, La Plata) de Gian Lorenzo Bernini com o obelisco de Domiciano.

Giovanni Paolo Panini (1692-1765)-'preparation of the fireworks and the decoration of the party given on the Piazza Navona in Rome November 30, 1729, on the occasion of the birth of Louis, Dauphin of France'-oil on canvas-1729   Paris-Musée du Louvre

Antonio Joli (1700-1777)-'Piazza Navona in Rome'-oil on canvas

Caspar Andriaans van Wittel (Vanvitelli) (1653-1736)-'Piazza Navona in Rome'-oil on canvas-1699   Madrid-Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza

Giovanni Battista Piranesi (1720-1778)-'view of Piazza Navona in Rome'-drawing

Giuseppe Vasi (1710-1782)-'view of Piazza Navona in Rome'-drawing

Caius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)

This Roman military and politician conquered the Cisalpine Gaul and Egypt, where he lived with Cleopatra VII. He played an important role in the transition of the Republic to the Empire. This is the reason he was murdered in the Senate on the Ides of March. Julius Caesar turned out to be one of the best Latin writers in “Commentaries on the Gallic War”.

Este militar e político romano conquistou a Gália Cisalpina e o Egipto, onde viveu com Cleópatra VII. Teve importante desempenho na transição da República para o Império. Por esse motivo assassinaram-no no Senado nos Idos de Março. Em “Commentarii de Bello Gallico”, revelou-se como um dos melhores escritores latinos.

Unknown-'the birth of Julius Caesar'-miniature   London-British Library ('Les commentaires de Caesar'-Ms ID Royal 16 G VIII, f. 32)

Unknown-'Julius Caesar supervising the building of fortification'-miniature-1520   Chantilly-Musée Condé ('Commentaires de la guerre Gallique-Caesar's Bellum Gallicum'-Ms 764/1139, vol. 3, folio 29)

Loyset Liedet (1420-1479)-'Julius Caesar landing England'-miniature-(1454-1460)   Paris-Bibliothéque de l'Arsenal ('Jean Mansel; La fleur des histoires'-Ms 5088, f. 112)

Unknown-'naval combat'-miniature-1520   Chantilly-Musée Condé (Albert Piggius in 'Commentaires de la guerre Gallique-Caesar's Bellum Gallicum'-Ms764/1139, vol. 3, folio 29)

Unknown-'Julius Caesar's victory of the Bretons'   Chantilly-Musée Condé ('les faits des romains' compiled from Lucian, Sueton and Sallust-Ms 770.ex.1055, f. 54v)

Russians by Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852)

Several behavioral aspects of the Russian people are documented in the paintings of Pavel Fedotov Andreyevich (1815-1852).

Vários aspectos comportamentais do povo Russo encontram-se documentados nas pinturas de Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852).

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852)-'Police Comissary's reception room before a holyday'-watercolor, pen and Indian ink on paper mounted on paper-1837   Moscow-the Tretyakov Gallery

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852)-'Grand Duke Mikhail  Pavlovich visiting the camp of the Finland Regiment of Imperial Guards on July 8, 1837-watercolor on paper-1837   St Petersburg-The State Russian Museum

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852)-'it'is cholera to blame'-watercolor on paper-1848   St Petersburg-The State Russian Museum

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852)-'major's marriage proposal'-oil on canvas-1851   St Petersburg-The State Russian Museum

Pavel Andreyevich Fedotov (1815-1852)-'newly decorated (the morning after the official has received his first decoration)-oil on canvas-1846   Moscow-the Tretyakov Gallery

First crusade (1095-1099)

Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade in 1095 in order to help the Orthodox Christians of the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus in the conquest of Jerusalem against the Seljuk Turks. Peter, the hermit, led one of the groups. After taking the Holy city they created the Latin kingdom and the Crusader States.

O Papa Urbano II proclamou a Primeira Cruzada em 1095 com a finalidade de ajudar os cristãos ortodoxos do Imperador bizantino Aleixo I Comeno na conquista de Jerusalém aos Turcos Seljúcidas. Pedro, o eremita, dirigia um dos grupos. Após a tomada da cidade Santa criaram o reino latino e os estados cruzados.

Unknown-'Pieter the Hermit shows the crusaders the way to Jerusalem during the first crusade'-miniature-1270   Paris-BNF (Roman du chevalier du cygne, Ms 3139,f 176)

Unknown-'the siege of Antioch (1097-1098)'-miniature-1200   Lyon-Bibliothèque Municipal (Williamof Tyre; Estoire d' Outremer,  Ms 828,f 33r)

Unknown-'Tancred de Hauteville captures the city of Tarsus'-miniature-1339   Paris-BNF (Roman de Godefroi de Bouillon, Ms 22495, f 32v)

Unknown (14th century)-'siege of  Jerusalem (1099)'-miniature   Padova-Biblioteca Capitolare (Codex Justinianus)

Unknown-'Godefroi de Bouillon as declared in the Holy Sepulchre (1099)-miniature'   Paris-BNF (Ms 1280, f 83)

Nausicaa and Odysseus

At the end of his wanderings Odysseus (Ulysses) went to the island of Phaeacians where Alcinous, Nausicaa’s father, reigned. She led Odysseus to the royal palace where, during a banquet, the king wished to see the Trojan War hero married to his daughter. Odysseus chose to return to his island and to his family.

No final das suas deambulações Odisseus (Ulisses) foi parar à ilha dos Feácios onde reinava Alcinoo, pai de Nausicaa. Esta levou ao palácio real, onde durante um banquete o rei manifestou o desejo de ver o herói da guerra de Tróia casado com sua filha. Odisseus preferiu regressar à sua ilha e família.

Pieter Pieterszoon Lastman (1583-1633)-'Nausicaa and Odysseus'-oil on panel-1619   München-Alte Pinakothek

Salvator Rosa (1615-1673)-'Nausicaa and Odysseus'-oil on canvas   St Petersburg-Hermitage

Nausicaa painter-'Ulysses and Athena at the meeting with Nausicaa'-attic-(red-figure)-neck amphora-5th century-Vulci, München-Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek (Munich 2322)

Alessandro Allori (1535-1607)-'Nausicaa and Odysseus'-fresco-1560, Firenze-Banca Toscana

Friederich Preller the younger (1858-1901)-'Odysseus approaches Nausicaa'-canvas   Leipzig-Museum der Bildenden Kunste

Paris, Montmartre, Moulin de la Galette (interior)

Some of the Montmartre painters did more than paint the exterior of this cabaret. As regulars, more or less habitués, they were familiar with the activities developed inside it.

Alguns dos pintores de Montmartre não se limitaram a pintar o exterior deste cabaret. Como frequentadores, mais ou menos habituais, conheciam bem as actividades que nele se desenvolviam.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)-'bal au moulin de la Galette'-oil on canvas

Ramon Casas i Carbó (1866-1932)-'bal au moulin de la Galette'-oil on canvas-(1890-1891)

Ramon Casas i Carbó (1866-1932)-'moulin de la Galette'-oil on canvas-1904

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)-'moulin de la Galette'-oil on canvas-1889   Chicago-Art Institute

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)-'moulin de la Galette'-oil on canvas-1900   Bilbao-Museo Guggenheim

Rio de Janeiro, paintings

There are many 19th century painters, both natives and foreigners, who left paintings about the region of Rio de Janeiro.

São numerosos os pintores, tanto naturais como estrangeiros que no séc. XIX deixaram quadros sobre a região do Rio de Janeiro.

Robert Dampier (1800-1874)-'view of the entrance into the harbour of Rio de Janeiro with the Sugarloaf and Gloria do Outeiro church'-oil on canvas-1824 Rio de Janeiro-Museu do Açude

Gustavo Dall'Ara (1865-1923)-'1º Março street'-oil on canvas-1907   Rio de Janeiro-Museu Nacional de Belas Artes

Henri Nicolas Vinet (1817-1876)-'view of Guanabara bay'-oil on canvas-1856   Rio de Janeiro-Museu do Açude

Luiz Carlos Peixoto-'revolt of the Navy, September 6 1893'-oil on canvas São Paulo-Museu de Arte

José dos Reis Carvalho (1798-1892)-'church of Sant'Anna in a celebration day'-watercolor on paper--1851  Rio de Janeiro-Museu Nacional de Belas Artes

Nicola Antonio Facchinetti (1824-1900)-'Botafogo bay'-oil on canvas   São Paulo-Museu de Arte

Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

This gallery displays a huge variety of paintings, painters and subjects of the last seven centuries.

Esta Galeria exibe enorme variedade de pinturas, pintores e temas dos últimos sete séculos.

Tiziano Vecelli (ca 1485-1576)-Venus of Urbino'-oil on canvas-ca 1538

Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702 1789)-'Marie Adelaide of France Louis XV daughter' oil on canvas

Jan Steen (1626-1679)-'the meal'-oil on wood-(1650-1660)

Luigi Pitti (18th century)-'peasant boy with a marmot'-oil on canvas-1732

François Quesnel, the Elder (16th century)-'water festival of Henri III (1551-1589) and Louise de Lorraine (1553-1601)'-1580